NKHANI YA HARLEY-DAVIDSON

Harley-Davidson wodziwika bwino ndi woposa chithunzi cha chikhalidwe cha ku America. Ndithu mwamwambo kwambiri komanso imodzi mwa opanga njinga zamoto zazikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi masiku ano. Kampaniyi, yomwe lero ili ndi mafakitale akuluakulu atatu ku United States, imalemba mwachindunji antchito pafupifupi 9,000 ndipo ikuyembekezeka kufika popanga njinga pafupifupi 300,000 chaka chino. Izi ndi manambala omveka bwino omwe amabisa chiyambi chochepa komanso zovuta zambiri.

Mbiri ya mtunduwo idayamba mu 1903, mu shedi yomwe ili kuseri kwa nyumba ya abale achichepere Arthur ndi Walter Davidson m'chigawo cha Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Awiriwa, omwe anali ndi zaka pafupifupi 20, anali atangogwirizana ndi William S. Harley wazaka 21 kupanga njinga yamoto yaing'ono yochitira mpikisano. Zinali mu okhetsedwa (mamita atatu m'lifupi ndi mita XNUMX kutalika), ndipo kutsogolo amene ankatha kuwerenga chizindikiro "Harley-Davidson Motor Company", njinga zamoto zitatu zoyambirira za mtunduwu zinapangidwa.

Mwa njinga zamoto zoyambira zitatuzi, imodzi idagulitsidwa mwachindunji ndi omwe adayambitsa kampaniyo ku Milwaukee kwa Henry Meyer, mnzake wa William S. Harley ndi Arthur Davidson. Ku Chicago, wogulitsa woyamba dzina lake - CH Lang - adagulitsa ena mwa njinga zitatuzi zomwe zidapangidwa poyambirira.

Bizinesi idayamba kupita patsogolo, koma pang'onopang'ono. Pa July 4, 1905, komabe, njinga yamoto ya Harley-Davidson inapambana mpikisano wake woyamba ku Chicago - ndipo izi zinathandiza kupititsa patsogolo malonda a kampaniyo. Chaka chomwecho, wantchito woyamba wanthawi zonse wa Harley-Davidson Motor Company adalembedwa ntchito ku Milwaukee.

Chaka chotsatira, malonda akuchulukirachulukira, omwe adayambitsa adaganiza zosiya kukhazikitsa koyambirira ndikukhazikika m'nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zokulirapo, yogwira ntchito bwino yomwe ili pa Juneau Avenue ku Milwaukee. Ogwira ntchito enanso asanu adalembedwa ntchito kumeneko nthawi zonse. Komabe mu 1906, mtunduwo unatulutsa kabukhu lake loyamba lotsatsira.

Mu 1907, Davidson wina alowa nawo bizinesi. William A. Davidson, mchimwene wake wa Arthur ndi Walter, anasiya ntchito yake ndipo amalowanso ku Harley-Davidson Motor Company. Chakumapeto kwa chaka chino, chiwerengero cha anthu ndi malo ogwira ntchito pafakitale chinali pafupifupi kuwirikiza kawiri. Patatha chaka chimodzi, njinga yamoto yoyamba idagulitsidwa kwa apolisi a Detroit, kuyambitsa mgwirizano wachikhalidwe womwe udakalipo mpaka pano.

Mu 1909, Harley-Davidson Motor Company wazaka zisanu ndi chimodzi adayambitsa chisinthiko chake chachikulu chaukadaulo pamsika wamagudumu awiri. Dziko lapansi lidabadwa injini yoyamba yokwera njinga yamoto ya V-Twin, propeller yomwe imatha kupanga 7 hp - mphamvu yayikulu panthawiyo. Posakhalitsa, chithunzi cha thruster ya silinda iwiri yokonzedwa pakona ya digirii 45 idakhala imodzi mwazithunzi m'mbiri ya Harley-Davidson.

Mu 1912, kumangidwa kotsimikizika kwa fakitale ya Juneau Avenue kudayamba ndipo malo opangira magawo ndi zida zinakhazikitsidwa. Chaka chomwecho chimene kampaniyo inafika pachimake cha ogulitsa 200 ku United States ndi kutumiza mayunitsi ake oyambirira kunja, kufika kumsika wa Japan.

Marca adagulitsa pafupifupi njinga za 100,000 kwa asitikali

Pakati pa 1917 ndi 1918, kampani ya Harley-Davidson Motor Company inapanga ndi kugulitsa njinga zamoto zokwana 17,000 kwa asilikali a ku United States pa nthawi ya nkhondo yoyamba ya padziko lonse. Msilikali wa ku America yemwe ankayendetsa galimoto yonyamula zida za Harley-Davidson anali woyamba kulowa m’dera la Germany.

Pofika m'chaka cha 1920, ndi ogulitsa pafupifupi 2,000 m'mayiko 67, Harley-Davidson anali kale wamkulu wopanga njinga zamoto padziko lapansi. Pa nthawi yomweyo, wokwera Leslie "Red" Parkhurst anathyola zosachepera 23 mbiri dziko liwiro ndi njinga yamoto chizindikiro. Harley-Davidson anali kampani yoyamba, mwachitsanzo, kupambana mpikisano wothamanga woposa 100 miles / ola.

Mu 1936, kampaniyo inayambitsa chitsanzo cha EL, chotchedwa "Knucklehead", chokhala ndi mavavu am'mbali. Bicycleyi inkaonedwa kuti ndi imodzi mwazofunikira kwambiri zomwe Harley-Davidson adayambitsa m'mbiri yake. Chaka chotsatira anamwalira William A. Davidson, mmodzi wa amene anayambitsa kampaniyo. Oyambitsa ena awiri - Walter Davidson ndi Bill Harley - amwalira m'zaka zisanu zikubwerazi.

Pakati pa 1941 ndi 1945, nthawi ya Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse, kampaniyo inabwerera kukapereka njinga zamoto kwa asilikali a US Army ndi ogwirizana nawo. Pafupifupi zopanga zake zonse, zomwe zikuyerekezedwa pafupifupi mayunitsi a 90,000, zidatumizidwa ku asitikali aku US panthawiyi. Imodzi mwa zitsanzo za Harley-Davidson zomwe zidapangidwa mwapadera pankhondoyo inali XA 750, yomwe inali ndi silinda yopingasa yokhala ndi masilinda otsutsana omwe amapangidwa kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito m'chipululu. Magawo 1,011 amtunduwu adagulitsidwa kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito pankhondo panthawi yankhondo.

Mu November 1945, ndi kutha kwa nkhondo, kupanga njinga zamoto kwa anthu wamba kunayambiranso. Patatha zaka ziwiri, kuti akwaniritse kufunikira kwa njinga zamoto, kampaniyo imapeza fakitale yake yachiwiri - chomera cha Capitol Drive - ku Wauwatosa, komanso m'chigawo cha Wisconsin. Mu 1952, chitsanzo cha Hydra-Glide chinakhazikitsidwa, njinga yamoto yoyamba yamtundu wotchedwa dzina - osati ndi manambala, monga kale.
Phwando lolemekeza zaka 50 za mtunduwo mu 1953 silinawonetse atatu mwa omwe adayambitsa. Mu zikondwerero, mwa kalembedwe, chizindikiro chatsopano chinapangidwa polemekeza injini yokonzedwa mu "V", chizindikiro cha kampaniyo. Chaka chino, ndi kutsekedwa kwa mtundu waku India, Harley-Davidson akhala yekha wopanga njinga zamoto ku United States kwa zaka 46 zikubwerazi.

Nyenyezi yachichepere panthawiyo Elvis Presley adayika magazini ya Enthusiast ya Meyi 1956 ndi mtundu wa Harley-Davidson KH. Chimodzi mwa zitsanzo za chikhalidwe cha mbiri ya Harley-Davidson, Sportster, chinayambitsidwa mu 1957. Mpaka lero, dzina ili limayambitsa zilakolako pakati pa mafani a mtunduwu. Nthano ina yamtunduwu idakhazikitsidwa mu 1965: Electra-Glide, m'malo mwa mtundu wa Duo-Glide, ndikubweretsa zatsopano ngati choyambira chamagetsi - chinthu chomwe posachedwapa chidzafikanso pamzere wa Sportster.

Kuphatikizana ndi MFA kunachitika mu 1969

Gawo latsopano mu mbiri ya Harley-Davidson linayamba mu 1965. Ndi kutsegulidwa kwa magawo ake pa malonda a malonda, kulamulira kwa banja mu kampani kumatha. Chifukwa cha chisankho ichi, mu 1969 Harley-Davidson adagwirizana ndi American Machine ndi Foundry (AMF), wopanga chikhalidwe cha ku America cha zinthu zosangalatsa. Chaka chino zotuluka za Harley-Davidson zafika mayunitsi 14,000.

Poyankha makonda a njinga zamoto mu 1971, njinga yamoto ya FX 1200 Super Glide idapangidwa - mtundu wosakanizidwa pakati pa Electra-Glide ndi Sportster. Gulu latsopano la njinga zamoto, lotchedwa cruiser komanso lopangidwira maulendo ataliatali, linabadwira kumeneko - mankhwala opangidwa kuti awoloke misewu yayikulu yaku America.

Zaka ziwiri pambuyo pake, chifukwa chofuna kukweranso, Harley-Davidson adaganiza zokulitsa kupanga, ndikusiya chomera cha Milwaukee kuti chingopanga injini zokha. Njira yolumikizira njinga zamoto idasamutsidwira kufakitale yatsopano, yayikulu, yamakono ku York, Pennsylvania. Mtundu wa FXRS Low Rider adalumikizana ndi mzere wa Harley-Davidson mu 1977.



Kusintha kwina m'mbiri ya Harley-Davidson kunachitika pa February 26, 1981, pamene akuluakulu 13 a kampaniyo adasaina kalata yogula magawo a AMF a Harley-Davidson. Mu June chaka chomwecho, kugula kunamalizidwa ndipo mawu akuti "Chiwombankhanga chimauluka chokha" chinatchuka. Nthawi yomweyo, eni atsopano a kampaniyo adagwiritsa ntchito njira zatsopano zopangira ndi kasamalidwe kabwino pakupanga njinga zamoto zodziwika bwino.

Mu 1982, Harley-Davidson adapempha boma la United States kuti likhazikitse mtengo wamtengo wapatali wa njinga zamoto zomwe zili ndi injini zopitirira 700 cc kuti zikhale ndi "kuukira" kwenikweni kwa njinga zamoto za ku Japan pamsika wa North America. Pempholo lavomerezedwa. Komabe, patatha zaka zisanu, kampaniyo idadabwitsa msika. Pokhala ndi chidaliro pakutha kupikisana ndi njinga zamoto zakunja, Harley-Davidson adapemphanso boma kuti lichotse ndalama zogulira njinga zamoto zochokera kunja chaka cham'mbuyomo kuposa momwe adakonzera.

Unali muyeso womwe sunachitikepo m'dziko muno mpaka pano. Zotsatira za izi zinali zamphamvu kwambiri zomwe zidapangitsa Purezidenti wa US Ronald Reagan kuti ayendetse malo amtunduwo ndikulengeza poyera kuti ndi wokonda Harley-Davidson. Zinali zokwanira kupereka mpweya watsopano.

Izi zisanachitike, komabe, mu 1983, gulu la Harley Owners Group (HOG), gulu la eni njinga zamoto, pakadali pano lili ndi mamembala a 750,000 padziko lonse lapansi. Ndi kalabu yayikulu kwambiri yamtunduwu pamsika wamawilo awiri padziko lapansi. Chaka chotsatira, injini yatsopano ya 1,340cc Evolution V-Twin inayambitsidwa, yomwe inafunikira zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri za kafukufuku ndi chitukuko cha akatswiri a Harley-Davidson.

Woyendetsa uyu adzakonzekeretsa njinga zamoto zisanu za mtunduwo chaka chimenecho, kuphatikiza Softtail yatsopano - nthano yamtundu wina. Kukhazikitsidwa kwathandiza kampaniyo kuwonjezera malonda ake. Zotsatira zake, mu 1986, magawo a Harley-Davidson adalowa mu New York Stock Exchange - nthawi yoyamba kuyambira 1969, pamene mgwirizano wa Harley-Davidson-AMF unachitika.

Mu 1991, banja la Dyna lidayambitsidwa ndi mtundu wa FXDB Sturgis. Zaka ziwiri pambuyo pake, pafupifupi oyendetsa njinga zamoto pafupifupi 100,000 adapezeka paphwando lobadwa la 90th la mtunduwo ku Milwaukee. Mu 1995, Harley-Davidson adayambitsa FLHR Road King. Mtundu wa Ultra Classic Electra Glide, wokondwerera zaka 30 mu 1995, unakhala njinga yamoto yoyamba kukhala ndi jekeseni wotsatizana wamafuta amagetsi.

Mu 1998, Harley-Davidson anapeza Buell Motorcycle Company, anatsegula injini yatsopano kunja kwa Milwaukee, Menomonee Falls, Wisconsin, ndipo anamanga mzere watsopano wa msonkhano ku Kansas City, Missouri. M'chaka chomwechi, kampaniyo idakondwerera zaka 95 ku Milwaukee, ndi kukhalapo kwa mafani opitilira 140,000 amtunduwu mumzindawu.

Kumapeto kwa 1998 komwe Harley-Davidson adatsegula fakitale yake ku Manaus, Brazil. Mpaka pano, ndiye mzere wokhawo wodziwika bwino womwe wakhazikitsidwa kunja kwa United States. Chigawochi pano chikuphatikiza mitundu ya Soft FX, Softail Deuce, Fat Boy, Heritage Classic, Road King Classic ndi Ultra Electra Glide. Road King Custom yatsopano iyamba kusonkhanitsidwa pagawoli mu Novembala.

Mu 1999, chida chatsopano cha Twin Cam 88 pamizere ya Dyna ndi Touring chidafika pamsika. Mu 2001, Harley-Davidson anapereka dziko chitsanzo chosintha: V-Rod. Kuphatikiza pa mapangidwe amtsogolo, chitsanzocho chinali choyamba m'mbiri ya mtundu wa North America kukhala ndi injini yamadzi ozizira.

Morsun Led imapereka mawonekedwe apamwamba Harley anatsogolera magetsi zogulitsa, talandiridwa kuti mufunsidwe.